CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MODELS
Deployment is nothing but a movement of
software, hardware, computing resources, processing power to remote servers on
the internet and enables its end users to get the services of cloud such as
software as a service(SaaS), platform as a service(PaaS), and
infrastructure as a service(IaaS). Basically, it is the migration of
computer resources, ex-memory, processing power
, software, hardware from one host to the remote servers so that the cloud
users can use above mentioned as a service using cloud services.
Now, it’s important to understand how to
choose between the different models:
[Figure 1]
Every business has unique needs and meeting them all
can be a tricky task. But the right cloud model can transform the way you do
business and can help you achieve great heights.
But one thing is clear.
You need the perfect cloud deployment model to help
you gain a competitive edge in the market. Through this, you will have access
to IT resources and services that can make your business flexible and agile,
both in terms of volume and scale.
Worldwide
Public Cloud Services Spending Forecast to Reach $210 Billion This Year,
According to IDC [2]
TYPES OF CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MODELS
A majority of companies concentrate on
controlling the cloud to reduce capital expenses and manage operating expenses.
Models have been suggested by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST). As per NIST, the following are the deployment models
1.
Private Cloud: It is the type of cloud infrastructure that can be used by a
single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business units). It
could be managed by a service provider that takes care of it either on-site or
off-site. They are expensive due to the capital expenditure used in maintaining
them. They are good in terms of security and privacy. The private cloud
providers are Eucalyptus, VMware, IBM Cloud Burst.
Following are the benefits
of Private Cloud
●
It
allows more control over the organization.
●
Enables
virtualization advantages, such as high availability, power saving, and dynamic
resource scheduling, to meet peak requirements.
●
Provides
convenient pay-per-use billing for internal business units.
Reasons why enterprises
need a private cloud rather than a public cloud. Some of them are
●
Need
for capabilities not available in a public cloud.
●
Need
for tighter security and compliance requirements.
●
Need
to leverage existing IT hardware.
CASE STUDY: Private Cloud for Central and State
Governments
The central government of
India has several thousands of servers for various ministries like power,
defense, and telecom. It has become a nightmare to maintain and upgrade each IT
and DC infrastructure for each application.
There are many other
administrative problems much as an excessive number of user accounts,
unutilized licenses, etc. Users, such as bureaucrats and ministers need to have
secure communication between the state and central government to exchange data.
The government cannot put the data or use applications in a public cloud
because of privacy, security, and regulatory borders of the country
After deliberation, the
central government of India decided to have a private cloud built. Different
ministries will use the resources in the private server virtualization
technology, such as Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM, VMware XenServer, or
Microsoft Hyper-V, with a Storage Area Network (SAN) and Network Attached
Storage (NAS).
The local government of
each state uses the services of a state private cloud or uses the available
infrastructure to host its own applications. Each state's private cloud has a
VPN to the central cloud. Single Sign-On (SSO) enables some users at the state
level to automatically access and use the applications on the central
government cloud. This helps them to lower Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), save
energy, and secure communication between the state and the central government.
CASE STUDY: Private Cloud for College to Create a
Virtual Computing Lab
North Carolina State
University needed to create a Virtual Computing Lab (VCL) so that the
researchers and students of the university could have access to the computers
and various lab facilities from anywhere at any time. The university required a
private cloud for creating the VCL because of integrity, privacy, and other
security concerns regarding the internal operations of the university.
In 2004, the university
launched its VCL, which was based on a private IaaS cloud. Researchers and
students can now access computers and other lab facilities without having to
visit the university physically. VCL allows the Information Technology (IT)
staff of the lab to simplify IT-support operations and reduce costs by
consolidating computer labs through the private IaaS cloud. The management of
computer resources has become simple and less time consuming with the VCL.
Figure [2]
2.
Public Cloud: In this type of cloud the infrastructure
is provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be managed, owned and
operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some
combination of them. It supports all users who want to make use of computing
resources. The most common use of public clouds is for the development of
applications etc. EX-AZURE
There are numerous benefits
of Public Cloud, which include the following:
●
No
capital expenses are required for applications or underlying IT hardware such
as servers, storage, network, or security devices.
●
No
annual maintenance is required for applications or equipment.
●
Reduced
costs of IT support staff, backups, DR, patching, and security updates are all
taken care of by the provider.
●
Self-service
features and on-demand allocation of computing resources help customers quickly
deploy an IT environment or services as per their business needs.
●
Dynamic
resources allocation of resources is deployed to meet user or load spikes.
When to avoid Public
Clouds
●
Lack
of Interoperability
●
Portability
Problems
●
Issues
with Shared Infrastructure
●
High
Cost
●
Unsafe
APIs and Interfaces
●
Possibility
of Data Loss
●
Latency
CASE STUDY: Weather Forecasting Using a Public
Cloud
Weather forecasting
requires massive computations. It is similar to CAE and FEA-mechanical
amputations for stress or thermal analysis but is more compute-intensive.
Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models use real-time weather conditions
sourced from satellites and weather stations as input for their mathematical
models to predict the weather.
The two key requirements
for them are the following:
1.
Need
for Large Compute Resources
2.
Need
for High Bandwidth
CASE STUDY: Software Development and Testing in a
Public Cloud
A public cloud can also
be used to do the required software development and testing. In this case
study, we observe an ISV (Independent Software Vendors) planning to develop and
market a new web-based application to enable art auctions. The existing
internal IT hardware does not have free servers or storage to support the
development and testing of the new application. The ISV has developers and
testers at various locations around the world. Many of these locations do not
have offices, and the developers must work from home. The ISV selects two cloud
providers to provide the following types of cloud:
1.
The
first cloud is meant for application development and storage of code versions.
2.
The
second cloud is for application testing. The ISV can create several thousand
temporary VMs and then they manage workload from these VMs. These VMs run on
different versions of Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Solaris operating systems.
PUBLIC CLOUD - AZURE
Forbes says that Microsoft Azure is set to boost the size of the IT market
by $10 trillion in the next 10 years!
But what is Azure? Azure is just another
set of cloud services that are used to construct, establish, and manage
applications through Microsoft's globally distributed network of data centers.
Azure has a wide range of operating systems, various programming languages,
frameworks, tools, databases, etc. It supports building apps with JavaScript.
Python, NET Java, etc. It also provides support to make backend for Android
Azure to have an efficient IT environment with the largest network of secure
private networks, databases, and storage with various security features. Azure
supports the flexibility of user demands by
Figure [3]
providing a scale up or down feature and
accordingly, pay-as-you-go service is supported. Billing is done on a
per-minute basis and provides users with infrastructure services such as
compute, storage, and bandwidth with very good performance. Azure has a large
network at the data center across several countries.
Also, Azure
is 5 times cheaper than AWS in terms of Windows and SQL servers. You would have
wondered about questions like what is Microsoft Azure, and how is it better,
etc while choosing your cloud service provider. Well, you are in the right
place because we will be tackling such questions in this blog.
Did you know that almost 95 percent of 500 Fortune companies are using
Azure?
To the common community, public cloud
storage, applications, and additional resources are made accessible by a
service supplier. These services are free or proposed on a pay-per-use model.
Usually, public cloud service suppliers such as Google, Microsoft, and Amazon
AWS take possession of and run the infrastructure, and propose access via the
Internet (direct connectivity is not proposed)
Reasonably, using a public cloud could
offer approximately instant price savings to a corporation. Isolated hosting,
shared infrastructure, and vibrant provisioning and licensing are robust
attractions for a corporation.
Besides everyday operational assignments,
this third-party administration comprises safety responsibilities like
scrutinizing, execution, and sorting of controls. This usually reduces the
control of data by company or cloud users as the entire data is kept on a cloud
environment. Users should be careful about data that requires continuous
scrutiny. Examples of public cloud vendors are Google Amazon Elastic Compute
Cloud, Windows Azure Services Platform, Microsoft, etc.
3.
Community Cloud: The cloud which can exclusively be used by a specific community
of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns (e.g., mission,
security requirements, policy, etc).Only the community members can access it.
It may exist on or off-premises.
4. Hybrid
Cloud: In a hybrid cloud, an organization makes
use of interconnected private and public cloud infrastructure. With the use of
a hybrid cloud, organizations are capable of moving data and applications
between private and public clouds depending on the purpose. It is flexible and
also cost
effective. Some of the hybrid cloud providers are Microsoft, Amazon Web
Services, VMware, Google, and Rack space.
For instance, Federal agencies opt for Private Clouds when sensitive
information is involved. Also, they use public
clouds to store
datasets with the general public. Here,
we can create our own cloud.
ALTERNATIVE CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MODELS
A completely
dissimilar outlook of the cloud computing design is within the Jericho cloud
cube model and the Linthicum model
Linthicum Model
There are 10
main classes or designs are based on the model:
●
Storage as a Service: The capability to influence storage that
physically exists at a different location, but is logically a local storage
resource to every application which needs storage.
●
Database as a Service: The capability to influence a distantly
hosted database services, sharing it with other users and keeping it local to
act as if the database were local.
●
Information as a Service: The capability to utilize any kind of
information, distantly hosted via a definite interface like an API.
● A process as a Service: An isolated resource that is capable of
connecting various resources collectively, either hosted inside the similar
cloud computing or isolated, to generate business procedures.
●
Application as a Service: Any application conveyed over the web
platform to an end-user, characteristically
controlling the application via a browser.
●
Platform as a Service: An absolute platform, comprising
interface improvement, application expansion, investigation, database
expansion, and storage, conveyed via a distantly hosted platform to subscribes.
●
Security as a Service: The capability to carry principal safety
services distantly over the Internet.
●
Integration as a Service: The capability to transport a whole
amalgamation load from the cloud, together with interfacing with applications,
flow control, and semantic negotiations.
●
Management as a Service: Anyon command service which offers the
capability to control one or more cloud services, characteristically
uncomplicated things such as topology, resource consumption, virtualization,
and uptime administration.
●
Testing as a Service: The capability to analyze regional or
cloud carried systems by using testing services and software which are
distantly hosted.
Jericho Cloud Cube Model
In January 2004, the IT safety association of
corporations, government clusters, and dealers, ‘dedicated to advancing secure
business in a global open-network environment’ created the Jericho Forums under
the sponsorship of the Open Group. Initially generating to tackle network
issues medium has dealt with the trouble of protecting corporation deals via
the Internet.
In February
2009, they carried a realistic structure towards generating the true
partnership-oriented design. Subsequently, the medium published the Jericho
Cloud Cube Model version 1.0 in April 2009.
The model for cloud computing is
explained by the Jericho Cloud Cube Model as encompassing four ‘dimensions’:
1.
Internal or External: This describes the physical position of the data. If it is inside your
individual physical periphery, in house, or exterior, which means it is not
inside your individual physical periphery.
2.
Proprietary or open: Proprietary denotes that the corporation
offering the service is holding the resources of the condition under their
possession. Open clouds are using technology which is not proprietary.
3.
Parameterized or de parameterized
architectures: Within your
conventional IT perimeter, de parameterization has forever been associated with
the fixed removal, breakdown, or decrease of the conventional IT perimeter.
4. Outsourced
or Insourced: Outsourced
means the service is offered by a third party, whereas insourced is the service
offered by personal employees under your power.
REFERENCES
1.
Figure1:
https://hackernoon.com/how-to-select-the-perfect-cloud-deployment-model-for-your-business-b66f1e768f8
4.
(Kailash
Jayaswal, Cloud Computing (Black Book), 2016)
5.
(Singh,
Cloud Computing, 2018)
Very informative blog. Look forward to more write-ups. Keep the momentum going
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